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| | | | | | | Searchterm 'relaxation' was also found in the following services: | | | | |
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Types of oral contrast agents with positive signal enhancement:
Ideal oral contrast agents are immiscible with water, biologically inert, have a low viscosity and surface tension. Oral positive contrast agents may improve the separation of bowel loops, the detection of polyps in colon MRI or the assessment of inflammatory bowel in the small intestine.
Several positive oral contrast agents are available and they are safe to use, for example gadolinium solution, ferric ammonium citrate, different oil emulsions and pediatric formula.
Unfavorably motion artifacts caused by respiration and peristalsis may be increased in MR imaging. In addition, the signal of the positive contrast medium may decrease caused by dilution in gastrointestinal (GI) secretions. With the use of contrast agents that are immiscible with water, no dilution and accompanying signal loss occur even when the contrast agent is in contact with the intraluminal contents of the GI tract.
Another disadvantage may be residual substances in the bowel, resembling masses when enclosed by bright signal. In addition, positive contrast agents may have a similar signal as bright masses, which make their (e.g. lipoma) detection difficult.
See also Gastrointestinal Paramagnetic Contrast Agents, Combination Oral Contrast Agents, Gastrointestinal Diamagnetic Contrast Agents. | | | | | | | Further Reading: | Basics:
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Primovist™ (U.S brand name Eovist®) is a highly specific MRI contrast agent for the imaging, detection and characterization of liver conditions, including liver tumors, cysts, as well as other malignant and benign lesions. It is a water-soluble ethoxybenzyl derivative of Gd-DTPA. This compound is taken up by the hepatocytes (approximately 30% of the dose goes to the hepatocytes) and is equally excreted renal and biliary in humans.
Primovist™ brightens the signal of T1 weighted MR images immediately after contrast administration.
Dynamic scanning and imaging of the accumulation phase (best after 20 min.) can also be performed after bolus injection of Primovistâ„¢. The hepatocytes uptake will increase the signal intensity of normal liver parenchyma. This results in improved lesion-to-liver contrast because malignant tumors (metastases, the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas) do not contain either hepatocytes or their functioning is hampered.
WARNING:
Gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with acute or chronic severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73m 2), or acute renal insufficiency of any severity due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period.
Drug Information and Specification T1, Predominantly positive enhancement PHARMACOKINETIC 50% hepatobiliary, 50% renal excretion PREPARATION Finished product DEVELOPMENT STAGE for sale DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information TERRITORY TRADE NAME DEVELOPMENT STAGE DISTRIBUTOR | | | | • View the DATABASE results for 'Primovist™' (7).
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| | | | • View the DATABASE results for 'Projection Profile' (4).
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| | | Searchterm 'relaxation' was also found in the following services: | | | | |
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A measure of the non-spherical distribution of electrical charge possessed by nuclei with a nuclear spin number greater than 1/2. The resulting interaction with electric field gradients in the molecule can lead to a shortening of relaxation times and a broadening of spectral lines. | | | | | |
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The ability of magnetic compounds to increase the relaxation
rates of the surrounding water proton spins.
Relaxivity is used to improve the contrast of the image, and
to study tissue specific areas where the contrast agent
better diffuses or to perform functional magnetic resonance imaging.
The relaxivity of MRI contrast agents depends on the
molecular structure and kinetic of the complex.
To increase the number of water molecules that are in the inner sphere
of the complex, or to slow down the molecular rotational
correlation time, are possibilities to improve the water relaxivity.
Relaxivity units ( r1, r2) are mM -1 * sec -1 (at varying temperatures). | | | | • View the DATABASE results for 'Relaxivity' (51).
| | | • View the NEWS results for 'Relaxivity' (2).
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