(Gφ) The phase encoding gradient is a magnetic field gradient that allows the encoding of the spatial signal location along a second dimension by different spin phases. The phase encoding gradient is applied after slice selection and excitation (before the frequency encoding gradient), orthogonally to the other two gradients. The spatial resolution is directly related to the number of phase encoding steps (gradients).

The temporal order in which the phase encoding gradient pulses are applied. The order can be sequential, centric, reverse centric, random, etc.

See Motion Artifact.

(PMRFI) See Rotating Frame of Reference and Nutation.

The data acquisition beyond the FOV in phase encoding direction, with doubling the number of acquisitions and the scan time.

See also Oversampling and Aliasing Artifact.