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Result : Searchterm 'Cine' found in 5 terms [ ] and 52 definitions [ ]
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Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Short bore compact
Standard: Head, body, cardiac, optional phased array: Spine, pediatric, 3rd party connector; Optional SENSE? coils for all applications
SE, Modified-SE, IR (T1, T2, PD), STIR, FLAIR, SPIR, FFE, T1-FFE, T2-FFE, Balanced FFE, TFE, Balanced TFE, Dynamic, Keyhole, 3D, Multi Chunk 3D, Multi Stack 3D, K Space Shutter, MTC, TSE, Dual IR, DRIVE, EPI, Cine, 2DMSS, DAVE, Mixed Mode; Angiography: Inflow MRA, TONE, PCA, CE MRA
128 x 128, 256 x 256,512 x 512,1024 x 1024 (64 for Bold img)
Variable in 1% increments
Lum.: 120 cd/m2; contrast: 150:1
Variable (op. param. depend.)
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400 V
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The owner of MRI equipment has to ensure that the equipment does fulfill the local requirements.
In some countries, the requirements are more stringent than in others; in other countries, they are nonexistent.
The user in general is unable to check power output, gradient strength, or even field strength.
The manufacturer has to cover authorized hardware and software updates after the initial installation and has to give guarantee for the requirements.
Specially designed computer programs usually supervise the power output of MRI devices and will not allow or will interrupt any imaging or spectroscopy procedure exceeding those limits considered safe.
See also European Medicines Agency, FDA information:
www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/mrisafety.html | | | |
• View the DATABASE results for 'Legal Requirements' (3).
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MRI Equipment' (13).
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• View the NEWS results for 'MRI Equipment' (4).
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In the 1930's, Isidor Isaac Rabi (Columbia University) succeeded in detecting and measuring single states of rotation of atoms and molecules, and in determining the mechanical and magnetic moments of the nuclei.
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Felix Bloch (Stanford University) and Edward Purcell (Harvard University) developed instruments, which could measure the magnetic resonance in bulk material such as liquids and solids. (Both honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952.) [The birth of the NMR spectroscopy]
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In the early 70's, Raymond Damadian (State University of New York) demonstrated with his NMR device, that there are different T1 relaxation times between normal and abnormal tissues of the same type, as well as between different types of normal tissues.
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In 1973, Paul Lauterbur (State University of New York) described a new imaging technique that he termed Zeugmatography. By utilizing gradients in the magnetic field, this technique was able to produce a two-dimensional image (back-projection). (Through analysis of the characteristics of the emitted radio waves, their origin could be determined.) Peter Mansfield further developed the utilization of gradients in the magnetic field and the mathematically analysis of these signals for a more useful imaging technique. (Paul C Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield were awarded with the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medi cine.)
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1977/78: First images could be presented.
A cross section through a finger by Peter Mansfield and Andrew A. Maudsley.
Peter Mansfield also could present the first image through the abdomen.
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In 1977, Raymond Damadian completed (after 7 years) the first MR scanner (Indomitable). In 1978, he founded the FONAR Corporation, which manufactured the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980. Fonar went public in 1981.
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1981: Schering submitted a patent application for Gd-DTPA dimeglumine.
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1982: The first 'magnetization-transfer' imaging by Robert N. Muller.
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In 1983, Toshiba obtained approval from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan for the first commercial MRI system.
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1986: Jürgen Hennig, A. Nauerth, and Hartmut Friedburg (University of Freiburg) introduced RARE (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) imaging. Axel Haase, Jens Frahm, Dieter Matthaei, Wolfgang Haenicke, and Dietmar K. Merboldt (Max-Planck-Institute, Göttingen) developed the FLASH ( fast low angle shot) sequence.
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1988: Schering's MAGNEVIST gets its first approval by the FDA.
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In 1991, fMRI was developed independently by the University of Minnesota's Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR) and Massachusetts General Hospital's (MGH) MR Center.
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From 1992 to 1997 Fonar was paid for the infringement of it's patents from 'nearly every one of its competitors in the MRI industry including giant multi-nationals as Toshiba, Siemens, Shimadzu, Philips and GE'.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MRI History' (6).
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• View the NEWS results for 'MRI History' (1).
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Mallinckrodt, a Tyco Healthcare company makes and distributes products for respiratory care; bulk and dosage pharmaceuticals, primarily for pain relief and addiction therapy; and imaging agents for magnetic resonance, ultrasound, X-ray, and nuclear medi cine applications. With worldwide manufacturing and distribution facilities, as well as worldwide sales offices, Mallinckrodt sells its products worldwide.
GastroMARK® is marketed in the United States by Mallinckrodt, Inc.
In June 2007 Tyco International Ltd. completed the separation of its healthcare business,
which is named Covidien. Mallinckrodt, Inc. is now part of Covidien Ltd.
MRI Contrast Agents:
Contact Information MAIL Mallinckrodt, Inc.
675 McDonnell Blvd.
Hazelwood, MO 63042
USA PHONE US: (888)744-1414
International: +1-314-654-3177 | | | | | | | Further Reading: | | Basics:
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