(GMR) The application of strategic gradient pulses can compensate the objectionable spin phase effects of flow motion. That means the reducing of flow effects, e.g. gradient moment nulling of the first order of flow. The simplest velocity-compensated pulse sequence is the symmetrical second echo of a spin echo pulse sequence.
Gradient field changes can be configured in such a way that during an echo the magnetization signal vectors for all pixels have zero phase angle independent of velocities, accelerations etc. of the measured tissue. E.g. the adjustment to zero at the time TE of the net moments of the amplitude of the waveform of the magnetic field gradients with time. The zeroth moment is the area under the curve, the first moment is the 'center of gravity' etc. The aim is to minimize the phase shifts acquired by the transverse magnetization of excited nuclei moving along the gradients (including the effect of refocusing RF pulses), particularly for the reduction of image artifacts due to motion.
Also called Flow Compensation (FC), Motion Artifact Suppression Technique (MAST), Flow motion compression (STILL), Gradient Rephasing (GR), Shimadzu Motion Artifact Reduction Technique (SMART).

(MPGE) GE sequence, with a multislice acquisition in one TR.

(SPGR) The SPGR pulse sequence is similar to the spoiled GRASS sequence. The spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) acquisition in steady state uses semi-random changes in the phase of the radio frequency (RF) pulses to produce a spatially independent phase shift.

See also Spoiled Gradient Echo Sequence and Gradient Recalled Acquisition in Steady State (GRASS).

(FSPGR) A sequence similar to TurboFLASH or Turbo Field Echo.

See also Spoiled Gradient Echo Sequence and Ultrafast Gradient Echo Sequence.

(GES) See Gradient Echo Sequence and Spectroscopy.