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 'Gradient Field Echo with Contrast' 
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Gradient Field Echo with ContrastInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
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Refocused Gradient Echo SequenceInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Sequences -
 
Refocused GRE sequences use a refocusing gradient in the phase encoding direction during the end module to maximize (refocus) remaining xy- (transverse) magnetization at the time when the next excitation is due, while the other two gradients are, in any case, balanced.
When the next excitation pulse is sent into the system with an opposed phase, it tilts the magnetization in the α direction. As a result the z-magnetization is again partly tilted into the xy-plane, while the remaining xy-magnetization is tilted partly into the z-direction.
Companies use different acronyms to describe certain techniques.

Different terms for these gradient echo pulse sequences
R-GRE Refocused Gradient Echo,
FAST Fourier Acquired Steady State,
FFE Fast Field echo,
FISP Fast Imaging with Steady State Precession,
F-SHORT SHORT Repetition Technique Based on Free Induction Decay,
GFEC Gradient Field Echo with Contrast,
GRASS Gradient Recalled Acquisition in Steady State,
ROAST Resonant Offset Averaging in the Steady State,
SSFP Steady State Free Precession.
STERF Steady State Technique with Refocused FID

In this context, 'contrast' refers to the pulse sequence, it does not mean enhancement with a contrast agent.
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Signa Infinity 1.5T™ with ExciteInfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
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etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/s_excite15/index.html From GE Healthcare;
'EXCITE technology has the potential to open the door to new imaging techniques and clinical applications, leaping beyond conventional two and three-dimensional MRI to true 4D imaging that will improve the diagnosis of disease throughout the human body from head to foot.' Robert R. Edelman, M.D., Professor of Radiology at Northwestern University Medical School and Chairman, Department of Radiology, at Evanston Northwestern Healthcare.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Short bore
Head and body coil standard; all other coils optional; open architecture makes system compatible with a wide selection of coils
Optional 2D/3D brain and prostate
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating, (SmartPrep, SmartStep)
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, Angiography: 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D Phase Contrast;; 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, FGRET, Spiral, Tensor
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab, cine
TR
1.3 to 12000 msec in increments of 1 msec
TE
0.4 to 2000 msec in increments of 1 msec
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Simultaneous scan and reconstruction;; up to 200 or 400 images per second
1 cm to 48 cm continuous
2D 0.7 mm to 20 mm; 3D 0.1 mm to 5 mm
1028 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase encode
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
0.08 mm; 0.02 mm optional
MAGNET WEIGHT
3863 kg
H*W*D
172 x 208 x 216 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
480 or 380/415
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled gradient
CRYOGEN USE, L/hr
less than 0.03 L/hr liquid helium
STRENGTH
SmartSpeed 23 mT/m, HiSpeed Plus 33 mT/m, EchoSpeed Plus 33 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
4.0 m x 2.8 m axial x radial
Active
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FONAR CorporationMRI Resource Directory:
 - Manufacturers -
 
www.fonar.com The company is a leading manufacturer and developer of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. The Patient Friendly MRI Company, formed in 1978, is engaged in the business of inventing, manufacturing, selling and servicing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. FONAR is the oldest MRI company in the world. After receiving hundreds of millions in a windfall from protecting their MRI patents, they made a MRI scanner that no other MRI manufacturer has. One that the patient stands in and they call Indomitable, the Stand-Up MRI. Patients like it because it is the least claustrophobic, most comfortable MRI on the market. Doctors like it because of its superior image quality and for the first time, the patient can be scanned in the weight-bearing position, or the position of pain or symptom. In October of 2004, the company changed the product name of the Stand-Up MRI to the Upright MRI. Fonar introduced the first "open" MRI scanner in 1980 and is the originator of the iron-core nonsuperconductive and permanent magnet technology.

MRI Scanners:

- 0.6T:
QUAD™ 12000 - Its 19-inch gap and Whisper Gradients™ make it extraordinarily spacious, quiet and comfortable. With its signal to noise advantage of 0.6 T and its comprehensive array of Organ-Specific™ receiver coils, the QUAD™ 12000 provides high-speed, high resolution and high contrast scanning. Product Specification
OR 360°™ - cleared for marketing by the FDA in March 2000, 360° access to the patient. A dual-purpose scanner, it can be used for conventional diagnostic scanning when not in surgical mode. Product Specification
Open Sky MRI™ - A dual purpose scanner for high-throughput scanning. Product Specification
Echo™ - open, comfortable, compact, reliable, easily sited and economical. Product Specification
Scanners in progress - Pinnacle™, a high-field superconducting Open MRI - mpExtremity MRI™, a small, in-office, weight-bearing MRI for extremities.


Contact Information
MAIL
FONAR Corporation
110 Marcus Drive
Melville, N.Y. 11747
USA
PHONE
+1-631-694-2929
FAX
+1-631-390-7766
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
FONAR Announces Fiscal 2014 Second Quarter Earnings Results
Friday, 14 February 2014   by www.twst.com    
  News & More:
Fonar Is An Unusual And Undervalued Play On The Obesity Epidemic
Monday, 8 December 2014   by seekingalpha.com    
MRI's inside story
Thursday, 4 December 2003   by www.economist.com    
MRI Resources 
Services and Supplies - Image Quality - Safety pool - MR Myelography - Jobs pool - Coils
 
Ultrafast Gradient Echo SequenceInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Sequences -
 
Ultrafast Gradient Echo Sequence Timing Diagram In simple ultrafast GRE imaging, TR and TE are so short, that tissues have a poor imaging signal and - more importantly - poor contrast except when contrast media enhanced (contrast enhanced angiography). Therefore, the magnetization is 'prepared' during the preparation module, most frequently by an initial 180° inversion pulse.
In the pulse sequence timing diagram, the basic ultrafast gradient echo sequence is illustrated. The 180° inversion pulse is executed one time (to the left of the vertical line), the right side represents the data collection period and is often repeated depending on the acquisition parameters.
See also Pulse Sequence Timing Diagram, there you will find a description of the components.
Ultrafast GRE sequences have a short TR,TE, a low flip angle and TR is so short that image acquisition lasts less than 1 second and typically less than 500 ms. Common TR: 3-5 msec, TE: 2 msec, and the flip angle is about 5°. Such sequences are often labeled with the prefix 'Turbo' like TurboFLASH, TurboFFE and TurboGRASS.
This allows one to center the subsequent ultrafast GRE data acquisition around the inversion time TI, where one of the tissues of interest has very little signal as its z-magnetization is passing through zero.
Unlike a standard inversion recovery (IR) sequence, all lines or a substantial segment of k-space image lines are acquired after a single inversion pulse, which can then together be considered as readout module. The readout module may use a variable flip angle approach, or the data acquisition may be divided into multiple segments (shots). The latter is useful particularly in cardiac imaging where acquiring all lines in a single segment may take too long relative to the cardiac cycle to provide adequate temporal resolution.
If multiple lines are acquired after a single pulse, the pulse sequence is a type of gradient echo echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence.

See also Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) and Turbo Field Echo (TFE).
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