(CSMEMP) MR imaging pulse sequence in which signals for multiple contiguous slices at multiple echoes are collected.

(CSVEMP) MR imaging pulse sequence in which signals for multiple contiguous slices at multiple echoes are collected.

(CEMRV) A 3D dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance venogram with acquisition timing to account for the later arrival of the contrast agent in the venous system. The pulse sequence used, is an enhanced 3D fast gradient echo sequence, the same sequence that is used for MR angiography.

For Ultrasound Imaging (USI) see Venous Ultrasound at Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.com.

(CE MRA) Contrast enhanced MR angiography is based on the T1 values of blood, the surrounding tissue, and paramagnetic contrast agent.
T1-shortening contrast agents reduces the T1 value of the blood (approximately to 50 msec, shorter than that of the surrounding tissues) and allow the visualization of blood vessels, as the images are no longer dependent primarily on the inflow effect of the blood. Contrast enhanced MRA is performed with a short TR to have low signal (due to the longer T1) from the stationary tissue, short scan time to facilitate breath hold imaging, short TE to minimize T2* effects and a bolus injection of a sufficient dose of a gadolinium chelate.
Images of the region of interest are performed with 3D spoiled gradient echo pulse sequences. The enhancement is maximized by timing the contrast agent injection such that the period of maximum arterial concentration corresponds to the k-space acquisition. Different techniques are used to ensure optimal contrast of the arteries e.g., bolus timing, automatic bolus detection, bolus tracking, care bolus. A high resolution with near isotropic voxels and minimal pulsatility and misregistration artifacts should be striven for. The postprocessing with the maximum intensity projection (MIP) enables different views of the 3D data set.
Unlike conventional MRA techniques based on velocity dependent inflow or phase shift techniques, contrast enhanced MRA exploits the gadolinium induced T1-shortening effects. CE MRA reduces or eliminates most of the artifacts of time of flight angiography or phase contrast angiography. Advantages are the possibility of in plane imaging of the blood vessels, which allows to examine large parts in a short time and high resolution scans in one breath hold. CE MRA has found a wide acceptance in the clinical routine, caused by the advantages:

(DENSE) Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes is a functional cardiac MRI pulse sequence, used to create maps of myocardial displacement with high resolution.
The DENSE magnitude images produce black blood images to show better myocard-blood contrast and to reduce motion artifacts.

See also Myocardial Late Enhancement, Spin Tagging, Coronary Angiography with D-Tagging, Cardiovascular Imaging, and Black Blood MRA.