(FT) The Fourier transformation is a mathematical procedure to separate out the frequency components of a signal from its amplitudes as a function of time, or the inverse Fourier transformation (IFT) calculates the time domain from the frequency domain. The FT is used to generate the spectrum from the free induction decay or spin echo in the pulse MR technique and is essential to most MR imaging techniques. The Fourier transformation can be generalized to multiple dimensions, e.g. to relate an image to its corresponding k-space representation, or to include chemical shift information in some chemical shift imaging techniques. Fourier transformation analysis allows spatial information to be reconstructed from the raw data.

(MT) Magnetization Transfer was accidentally discovered by Wolff and Balaban in 1989. Conventional MRI is based on the differences in T1, T2 and the proton density (water content and the mobility of water molecules) in tissue; it relies primarily on free (bulk) water protons. The T2 relaxation times are greater than 10 ms and detectable. The T2 relaxation times of protons associated with macromolecules are less then 1 ms and not detectable in MRI.
Magnetization Transfer Imaging (MTI) is based on the magnetization interaction (through dipolar and/or chemical exchange) between bulk water protons and macromolecular protons. By applying an off resonance radio frequency pulse to the macromolecular protons, the saturation of these protons is then transferred to the bulk water protons. The result is a decrease in signal (the net magnetization of visible protons is reduced), depending on the magnitude of MT between tissue macromolecules and bulk water. With MTI, the presence or absence of macromolecules (e.g. in membranes, brain tissue) can be seen.
The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) is the difference in signal intensity with or without MT.

See also Magnetization Transfer Contrast.

Short name: Mn-DPDP
This MRI contrast agent is a chelate complex of the paramagnetic metal ion manganese (Mn) and fodipir. Mn-DPDP (Teslascan) shortens the longitudinal relaxation time and is used for the T1 weighted enhancement of MR images. Mangafodipir trisodium accumulates after intravenous injection in the healthy tissue of the liver and improves the detection, localization, characterization, and evaluation of lesions of the liver, pancreas, but can also be used in cardiac MRI.
See also Hepatobiliary Chelates and Teslascan®.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted marketing clearance 1997, to Nycomed Amersham's MRI contrast medium. Nycomed/Amersham, now GE Healthcare markets the product under the trade name Teslascan®.

See Zero Fill Artifact.

(CE FLASH) A fast T2 weighted imaging sequence utilizing refocused transverse coherence.

See Contrast Enhanced Echo Sequence.